Strategic Thinking and Effective Change Samsung

Strategic Thinking and Effective Change Samsung With over 200 subsidiaries across the continent, Samsung has devised a powerful business model in order to remain profitable (Samsung Global Strategy Group 2015). The firm uses innovative strategies and practices in order to produce new products. The concept of research and development (RD) is also taken seriously.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Strategic Thinking and Effective Change: Samsung specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such changes include eye-catching electronic devices and superior smartphones that can address the needs of more consumers. This paper analyses Samsung’s business strategy. The findings are used to recommend the most appropriate strategy that can support the strategic needs of this organisation in Asia. Current Strategic Position of Samsung Understanding Samsung’s Strategy Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Samsung was manufacturing and marketing cheap television sets and microw aves. According to history, the firm was struggling due to lack of superior products. The level of competition was extremely high thus making it impossible for Samsung to achieve most of its business goals. Many people believed that ‘the firm was also struggling with financial uncertainty’ (Lee Lee 2014, p. 4). Experts believe strongly that things have changed significantly for this giant company. The company’s products are superior and admirable. Many people ‘purchase Samsung’s products because they believe that they catch the pulse of the consumer’ (Singh 2012, p. 4). Samsung Group has understood how to focus on the buyer’s emotion. It achieves this goal by offering elegant, superior, and attention-grabbing devices. Such devices are designed in a professional manner in order to remain competitive in the global market. Within the past two decades, Samsung has been combining various business strategies in an attempt to address the chan ging expectations of its global customers. It has focused on the power of innovation in order to achieve these goals. The company’s products are designed to meet the needs of every high-end market (Jung, 2014). However, competition has always remained a major challenge for Samsung. That being the case, the firm focuses on powerful approaches in order to deal with the increasing level of competition. After producing its first Samsung Smartphone, the corporation conducted a thorough market research in order to understand the major issues facing different consumers. The firm realised that ‘most of the existing competitors were using high prices to market their devices’ (Bouman 2014, p. 8). This observation encouraged the firm to lower the prices of its smartphones by around 20 dollars in various nations. This move was aimed at attracting many potential customers. More people realised that such smartphones were affordable. The move made it easier for Samsung to marke t more smartphones than ever before. The same business strategy was adopted for every segment and product (Singh 2012). This move improved the company’s business performance within the shortest time possible.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The above discussion gives a summary of Samsung’s business strategy. Samsung therefore continues to use a wide range of strategies and approaches in order to position itself in the global market. To begin with, the firm uses various approaches to change its brand image (Jung 2014). Samsung uses powerful adverts and innovative strategies in order to become the leading producer of quality devices and services. As well, brand repositioning is undertaken in an attempt to inform more people about the firm’s superior products. This practice has become ‘a long term investment at the company’ (Lee Lee 2014, p. 8). It is currently attracting a large number of potential buyers across Asia. PESTEL Analysis Political The political environment has been favourable for Samsung. However, the Asian region is associated with new political changes that can threaten its future performance. The current instability faced in Korea can affect the firm’s future. For example, the conflict between North Korea and South Korea can affect the region’s future political climate. Such political uncertainties can have disastrous implications on Samsung’s future business goals. Samsung considers such uncertainties whenever designing its strategic plans (Xu 2009). Economic The company operates in different Asian countries. The economic performances of such nations continue to dictate the firm’s business performance. The current economic vagueness experienced in the world should also be taken seriously. Many customers in different ‘Asian countries have portrayed a reduc ed purchasing ability’ (Markides 2004, p. 6). The firm is presently considering new strategies that can support its business objectives. Statistics show that the economies of the nations are rising steadily. South Korea’s current GDP is 1.39 trillion US dollars (Nakagawa 2014, p. 221). The slow economic growth encountered in China has led to reduction in shipments to the country. This issue can affect the region’s economy. Social Factors Asia has encountered new social values and practices due to the current wave of globalisation. The changing needs of the targeted customers will affect the corporation’s business model. For example, more people are travelling frequently and engaging in various social activities. Samsung will be required to re-pattern its business strategies in order to address the cultural values and needs of many consumers in Asia. Technological Factors The company is very innovative thus making it successful. Samsung has powerful techno logical abilities and strengths. It uses such technologies to produce innovative and superior mobile devices. The use of modern technologies makes it possible for the Samsung to realise its business objectives.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Strategic Thinking and Effective Change: Samsung specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, Apple has ‘accused the firm of imitating its product design’ (Tong-hyung 2014, p. 3). The current lawsuit is affecting the trust of many customers in different parts of the world. The firm will also be required to use new technologies in an attempt to deal with competition and succeed in the smartphone industry (Xu 2009). Companies are also working hard to produce faster. Some competitors are also focusing on the superiority and effectiveness of bigger smartphones (Xu 2009). Environmental Factors New laws and policies force companies to engage in sustainable business pra ctices. The firm is expected to focus on sustainable business strategies and operations. The company is required to keep the environment clean, manage wastes, and support the needs of every surrounding community (Singh 2012). The company will have to ‘face stricter rules regarding the issue of sustainability in the coming years’ (Zafar, Habib Bilal 2014, p. 72). These environmental issues are critical towards supporting many firms in this industry. Legal Aspects Samsung has been forced ‘to pay heavy fines for charges that it imitated Apple’s iPhone and iPad’ (Tong-hyung 2014, p. 3). This legal issue discouraged more customers in different parts of the world from using the company’s devices. As well, the firm has to consider various business laws and regulations in order to achieve its objectives. The current lawsuits affecting the firm can affect its future business performance (Xu 2009). Analysis According to the above analysis, Samsung has been facing competition from many companies. Some of these companies include ‘Apple Incorporation, Sony, Toshiba, Ramtoms, and Hewlett Packard’ (Singh 2012, p. 7). It is also notable that the firm operates in different market segments thus attracting more competitors. The existence of competition is something that forces Samsung Group to focus on the most appropriate business approaches and practices. Such actions are undertaken in order to achieve its business potentials. This issue explains why Samsung Group has been undertaking numerous researches from the market. Such researches mainly focus ‘on the changing consumer preferences, competitive strengths of different companies, changing demographics, and emerging markets’ (Lee Lee 2014, p. 3). The next important step towards having a successful strategy is using reduced prices. Samsung Group ‘renews its pricing strategy frequently’ (Lee Lee 2007, p. 498). This move is undertaken in order to deal with the increasing level of competition. The pricing strategies are also dictated by the changing preferences and expectations of many Asian consumers. The prices used by immediate competitors are used to ensure the company’s products are purchased by more customers. The pricing strategy plays a significant role towards increasing the company’s sales and revenues.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The above business model explains why Samsung is currently one of the most profitable companies in the world. Its presence in many emerging Asian nations makes it more competitive. The firm is also playing a major role in its industry. This is the case because it ‘sets the pace for innovation, product improvement, customer support, sustainability practices, and technology use’ (Singh 2012, p. 3). Samsung has also ‘forced different competitors to come up with superior gadgets that can meet the ever-changing needs of more consumers’ (Sun, Sun Xu 2014, p. 4). Samsung’s efforts have forced many players in the industry to reduce their prices. This move has made different smartphones available to more customers. Such efforts have made Samsung a recognisable player in the industry. Nature of the Industry Consumers of such smartphones have remained loyal than ever before. They ‘purchase new devices whenever they are launched in the market’ (Bou man 2014, p. 8). The leading players in the industry have understood how to focus on this kind of loyalty. The competitors are always convinced that every new product will attract more potential buyers (Kess Isoherranen 2014). This massive industry is therefore characterised by numerous companies that market different smartphones to the increasing number of potential consumers. Bouman (2014) argues that the ‘industry is defined by ever-evolving designs and mobile technologies’ (p. 11). The leading competitors in the industry use aggressive pricing methods and continuous imitation in order to achieve the best outcomes. Most of the targeted consumers are very sensitive about prices thus forcing the players to focus on the best business practices. The major consumers in this industry are usually aged between 18 and 45. As well, many older citizens and politicians have been observed to purchase such mobile devices. Rivalry has also remained extremely high in this industry. This is the case because many competitors use similar pricing strategies, technologies, and RD processes in order to address the changing needs of more customers (Sun, Sun Xu 2014). However, some companies have identified their specific competitive advantages in order to remain successful in this industry. Apple has remained the biggest player in the smartphone industry. The firm is admired by many customers because of its ability to innovate and produce powerful devices. It focuses on a few devices in order to achieve the best outcomes. Apple Incorporation has ‘remained the most profitable, successful, and admirable firm in the industry’ (Singh 2012, p. 13). It is also ‘identified as one of the biggest technology corporations in the globe today’ (Kess Isoherranen 2014, p. 1117). The firm uses powerful RD strategies and numerous resources to produce revolutionary smartphones such as the iPhone 4 and the iPhone 5. The company launched the iPhone 6 thus ma king it the most successful smartphone in the whole world. This argument shows clearly that Apple is a successful player in the industry. As mentioned earlier, the smartphone industry focuses on the needs of many customers aged between 18 and 45 years. Majority of these customers have good jobs and opportunities. They are tech-savvy and have good education (Singh 2012). The competitors in the industry also understand how to partner with different software producers in order to deliver powerful apps. Such applications are usually aimed at addressing the needs of these potential customers. The ‘other important observation is that the customers are global’ (Sun et al. 2014, p. 11). This means that the players in the smartphone industry should use international strategies to market their devices to more customers. Bouman (2014) believes strongly that ‘new markets will continue to emerge for these smartphones’ (p. 5). More young and old people are embracing the benefits of such smartphones. The availability of 3G and 4G internet services also makes such devices more useful. These developments encourage more competitors in the industry to produce quality products than ever before. Samsung’s Value Chain Samsung uses a powerful value chain strategy in order to achieve its goals. The firm’s logistical operations are executed by different companies and subsidiaries. For instance, Samsung Electronics Logitec plays a major role towards supporting the company’s operations (Samsung Global Strategy Group 2015). The operations make it easier for the company to deliver more goods to different potential customers. Proper marketing strategies are also used to support to support the company’s value chain. Sales promotions, advertisements, competent marketers, and logistical operations support the company’s value chain. The firm also focuses on the best practices in order to deliver quality services to different customer s. The other important consideration is that Apple uses powerful production strategies. It has been outsourcing different services in order to produce its superior devices. This approach has continued to produce the best results. This is the case because the firm has managed to reduce its production costs. The reduction of its production costs makes it possible for the company to market its superior products using reduced prices (Kess Isoherranen 2014). The firm’s revolutionary devices have remained successful in different parts of the world. However, Apple can never ignore the presence of powerful competitors such as Samsung, HTC, and Nokia, and Tecno (Kess Isoherranen 2014). This situation explains why these companies focus on the most appropriate strategies in an attempt to emerge successful in the smartphone industry. Challenges Facing Samsung Many companies in this industry continue to face various challenges. Most of these challenges are external in nature. That being the case, the firms must identify and use the most appropriate strategies in order to achieve their business potentials. Samsung is currently facing numerous challenges. It is appropriate for the firm to use powerful strategies and approaches in order to deal with such problems (Bouman 2014). This approach will make it easier for the firm to achieve its business objectives. The PESTEL analysis presented below gives a detailed analysis of the major external factors affecting the corporation Business Environment Samsung also faces different strengths and weaknesses. Such strengths have been critical towards supporting its business strategy. The existing weaknesses are monitored and analysed in order to develop better strategies for effective business performance (Zafar, Habib Bilal 2014). The existence of opportunities encourages the company to pursue most of its business goals in a specific market such as Asia. Some threats can also affect the company’s future performance. T he SWOT Analysis presented below gives a succinct summary of the company’s external and internal environments. Porter’s Five Forces The industry’s level of rivalry and attractiveness continues to present new challenges to the company. A proper understanding of the forces faced by Samsung in the industry can encourage the leaders to make appropriate business decisions (Rowley Paik 2008). Such decisions will eventually support the company’s business practices. The Porter’s Five Forces presented below gives a detailed overview of the major issues facing this company. Industry rivalry The smartphone industry has become very competitive. This is the case because there are many companies such as Nokia, Apple, and LG. Most of these companies ‘are fighting for dominance in the industry thus making it impossible for Samsung to become the leading player’ (Katkyama 2010, p. 24). Competition in emerging Asian markets is also on the rise. These ch anges continue to affect the company’s performance in the smartphone industry. Barriers to entry This industry has giant corporations with operations in many countries. Every newcomer will be forced to incur numerous expenses in order to have a significant impact (Manchester 2012). As well, the companies incur numerous expenses in order to market their revolutionary devices to more consumers. This situation explains why the threat of new entrants is extremely low (Nedelea Paun 2009). However, the existing players are making it hard for the firm to achieve most of its business potentials. Bargaining power of buyers Many customers are providential to choose the best smartphones in the market. This is the case because the market has been flooded with different devices (Manchester 2012). The buyers are also ready to purchase specific products that can satisfy their changing expectations. Producers and marketers of such phones must consider these needs in order to innovate the be st smartphones (Nedelea Paun 2009). Many consumers also want different companies to engage in sustainable practices. The bargaining power of such customers is extremely high thus forcing Samsung to embrace better business practices. Bargaining power of different suppliers Many suppliers in the industry are able to offer quality services. They also supply a wide range of raw materials and accessories. Companies such as Samsung should be ready to address the needs of such suppliers in order to achieve their potentials. It is appropriate for companies in this sector to analyse the changing behaviours and demands of these suppliers (Hill Jones 2012). This approach will make such companies more successful. Substitute goods The ‘smartphone industry is associated with a wide range of superior and substandard mobile devices’ (Hill Jones 2012, p. 18). These smartphones can complete various tasks and satisfy the needs of more customers. Samsung has been forced to use powerful pricing methods in an attempt to deal with this threat. The existence of such products will make it impossible for companies such as Samsung to become the leading players in the industry (Samsung Electronics: Sustainability Report 2014). The firm should therefore use powerful business tactics in order to attract more customers. The smartphone industry is characterised by ‘unique trends that are not observed in the other sectors’ (Kess Isoherranen 2014, p. 1114). To begin with, the level of competition in the industry has led to new changes and improvements. Such improvements are recorded every year in an attempt to deliver the best support to more customers. As well, the industry is ‘fast-paced because the players have the required financial strength’ (Bouman 2014, p. 8). The companies operating in this industry have been focusing on the power of RD in an attempt to produce superior products. Such products are aimed at transforming the lifestyles of the ta rgeted customers. This fact explains why smartphones have been constantly changing. The companies have been adding new features that can attract more customers. Every new smartphone is believed to be ‘an improvement of its immediate predecessor’ (Bouman 2014, p. 9). SWOT Analysis Internal analysis The other important aspect of Samsung’s strategy is its continued focus on research and development (RD). Samsung uses the concept of RD to identify the gaps facing the industry. The firm attracts new experts in order to produce new smartphones that can compete successfully in the global market. The same approach is used to improve different products in order to make them superior (Lee Lee 2007). Innovation is embraced at this company. The practice makes it easier for Samsung to produce new products that can address various gaps in the market. Consumer feedbacks and suggestions are considered whenever innovating new products. Samsung has managed to produce powerful pro ducts that have the potential to address the needs of its loyal customers. Strengths Samsung is one of the leading manufacturers of smartphone devices. It also has successful electronic devices in the market. Its positive performance in the mobile phone segment because it an admirable brand. The firm has impressive RD technologies and design capabilities. Every Samsung’s device ‘is known for its longer battery life’ (Tong-hyung 2014, p. 7). The firm enjoys a wide presence across the globe. Samsung ‘is a leader in innovation’ (Chen 2015, p. 2). The corporation has strong relationships with different retailers across Asia and beyond. Samsung operates in different market segments thus reducing its risks. Samsung’s smartphones have superior features and applications thus making them successful in the market. Weaknesses Samsung has been ‘unable to devise the best marketing capabilities for its smartphones’ (Tong-hyung 2014, p. 2 ). Many Chinese companies are producing superior phones thus attracting more customers in the Asian market. Such companies include HTC, Huawei, and Xiaomi. The ‘firm focuses mainly on its consumer electronics segment’ (Rowley Paik 2008, p. 43). The firm targets customers in developed nations thus reducing its opportunities for future growth. Many consumers ‘believe that Android operating system is inferior to Apple Corporation’s iOS’ (Rowley Paik 2008, p. 49). This weakness explains why many customers fail to purchase Samsung’s devices. The firm lacks sophisticated and appropriate marketing efforts. Opportunities Many people are currently purchasing different smartphones in Asia. Such customers are also looking for superior mobile devices and tablets. This situation creates a new opportunity for the company. The increasing level of demand for mobile-based solutions and applications continues to attract more customers. The emergence of w earable tech is an opportunity for the company. Asia is characterised by an emerging number of middleclass citizens. This increase is an opportunity for Samsung. The firm will market its products to more potential buyers. The current use of online platforms and social media can improve the firm’s marketing capabilities. Threats The level of competition from Apple is extremely high. Apple and Samsung are ‘always fighting on Patents’ (Chen 2015, p. 2). Some ‘competitors are producing cheaper and superior smartphones such as HTC’ (Chen 2015, p. 3). Apple ‘is admired by many consumers because of its sophistication, quality, and reliability’ (Rowley Paik 2008, p. 76). The emergence of many Chinese companies poses a threat to the firm. Samsung’s products have immediate rivals or substitutes in the market. Tackling the Above Challenges: Implications The use of Change Theory can produce the best results. For instance, Kurt Lewinà ¢â‚¬â„¢s change theory can produce the best outcomes (Hernaus 2011). The PESTEL and Porter’s Five Forces presented above should be used to address the issues affecting Samsung. The firm uses different strategies in order to deal with the above challenges. Such strategies are aimed at supporting the targeted business objectives. The first approach focuses on the power of continued research and innovation. Samsung Group has employed advanced technologies and experts in order to produce quality smartphones. Such devices can compete successfully in the global market (Samsung Electronics: Sustainability Report 2014). The ‘firm uses the concept of innovation in order to realise every targeted goal’ (Hernaus 2011, p. 7). The innovative practices embraced by the company are aimed at addressing various issues. The first issue to consider is the changing expectations of different consumers. The company produces powerful devices and smartphones that can deliver the best pro mises to such customers. The proposed theory will ensure the firm focuses on the best outcomes. The completed PESTEL outlines the business strategies and innovations embraced by different competitors. The firm uses the strategy to produce new devices that can deal with the challenge of competition. Unfortunately, the firm has faced numerous lawsuits from Apple Incorporation. The move has also ‘affected the company’s profitability after paying heavy penalties for alleged mobile design infringement’ (Jung 2014, p. 137). These penalties have affected the company’s image thus discouraging more consumers in different parts of Asia from purchasing its products. This challenge has emerged from the company’s continued efforts to become successful. The second strategy used by Samsung in order to deal with the above challenges revolves around the concept of pricing. Nakagawa (2014) argues that ‘Samsung’s pricing strategy has been appropriate with in the past ten years’ (p. 223). The firm examines the prices used by its rival companies. The firm uses cheaper prices to market its smartphones. This strategy has encouraged more customers to purchase and use the company’s mobile devices. The emergence of cheaper products in the market has threatened the sustainability of Samsung’s devices. For instance, HTC is currently marketing cheaper smartphones in the market. New players such as Lenovo are making it impossible for Samsung to remain the leading player in the smartphone industry. Many consumers in Asia have also been associating the company’s cheap prices with ineffectiveness. This new problem continues to affect the company’s performance. The firm is also known to use proactive measures in an attempt to deal with competition. For instance, the company produces numerous devices within a very short time. This prolific approach makes it easier for the firm’s devices to compete directly w ith other superior products. Many customers have been ‘purchasing such products because they are superior, elegant, and cheap’ (Hernaus 2011, p. 8). However, this strategy has resulted in new problems. For instance, Samsung’s prolific strategy has discouraged many customers especially in the developing world. Many Asians are ‘not ready to purchase new devices after every six months’ (Chang 2011, p. 76). That being the case, the targeted customers have decided to focus on superior devices such as the iPhone 6. Samsung also embraces the power of technological changes in order to deal with competition and address every challenges encountered in the industry. The firm collaborates with different companies such as Google Incorporation in an attempt to produce powerful smartphones. The company’s devices use Android operating system (Nakagawa 2014). However, many ‘consumers in the developing world believe strongly that the operating system is n o match for Apple’s iOS’ (Chang 2011, p. 12). This scenario explains why the company’s products are yet to perform positively in the Asian market (Nakagawa 2014). The above tools show how the external environment is forcing different companies such as Samsung to engage in sustainable practices. The concept of sustainability focuses on different issues such as ‘waste management, environmental conservation, and focus on the existing regulations’ (Chang 2011, p. 98). The firm has collaborated with different stakeholders in order to promote the most appropriate sustainability practices. The corporation is therefore required to embrace the best practices in order to deal with these implications. The decision ‘to invest in new countries has encountered numerous challenges such as political instability, economic uncertainty, and reduced revenues’ (Chang 2011, p. 103). Recommendations to Meet the Company’s Strategic Needs According to th e proposed theory, several changes will be required in order to support Samsung’s strategic needs and objectives. Such changes should be executed in accordance with the internal and external forces affecting the corporation. It is agreeable that Samsung uses some of the best business practices in an attempt to emerge successful (Samsung Global Strategy Group 2015). However, the challenges identified above have been making it impossible for Samsung to realise most of its business goals (Chen 2015). The SWOT Analysis presented below should be used to support the best strategies. The first route should focus on the benefits of corporate social responsibility (CSR). This approach makes it easier for many corporations to engage in ethical and sustainable businesses. Samsung’s new CSR should consider every ethical, legal, and environmental issue in order to achieve the best outcomes. The approach will ensure the company’s innovation and RD team produces original ideas . Such designs should ‘be competitive, innovative, and revolutionary’ (Chen 2015, p. 3). The firm should involve different stakeholders whenever addressing various sustainability issues. A powerful ‘market strategy should consider different factors such as the prices of competitors, demographics, consumer needs, and presence of substitute goods’ (Jung 2014, p. 138). The above Porter’s Five Forces model should be used to address the needs of different suppliers and customers. The understanding will ensure the firm identifies ‘new market segments, technological changes, and changing demographics’ (Nakagawa 2014, p. 224). The targeted customers in the continent will be able to support the company’s business strategy and eventually make the firm successful. Competition is something unavoidable in the smartphone industry. Innovative marketing approaches and customer-focused practices will eventually support the company’s entrepr eneurial needs. TOWS Analysis External Scanning Internal Environment Opportunities Emerging markets Demand for smartphones New technologies Economic and demographic changes Strengths Global company Brand name/image Innovation and RD Customer loyalty Powerful entrepreneurial culture Diverse distribution practices Diverse products and segments S/O Strategies Focus on a small number of market segments. Use a powerful marketing strategy that considers the changing behaviours of consumers and competitors. Embrace the benefits of ethical business practice and CSR strategies. This TOWS Analysis shows that Samsung should redesign its strategy. Samsung’s focus on different products affects its competitiveness in the global market environment (Chen 2015). This situation should encourage the company’s leaders to concentrate on a limited number of segments. The smartphone sector should also be given priority because it has the potential to produce the best results (Katkyama 2010). These strategic paths will eventually make Samsung a leading marketer of advanced smartphones in Asia. Appendix Mission Devoting our technology and talent towards creating superior services and products that can contribute to a sustainable global society. Vision Samsung is committed to inspire its stakeholders and communities by leveraging new technology, creative solutions, and innovative products. 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Katkyama, H 2010, ‘Significance of Lean Management and Contribution toward Customer Satisfaction’, Industrial Engineering Magazine, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 22-27. Kess, P Isoherranen, V 2014, ‘Business strategies analysis by strategy typology and orientation framework’, Management, Knowledge, and Learning, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1111-1120. Lee, B Lee, S 2014, Case of Samsung’s Mobile Phone Business, http://211.253.40.86/mille/service/PBH/10000/IMG/000000000489/W04-11.pdf. Lee, W Lee, N 2007, ‘Understanding Samsung’s Diversification Strategy: The Case of S amsung Motors Incorporation’, Long Range Planning, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 488-504. Manchester, C 2012, ‘General Human Capital and Employee Mobility’, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 951-974. Markides, C 2004, ‘What is Strategy and how do you know if you have one’, Business Strategy Review, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 5-12. Nakagawa, R 2014, ‘The Rapid Growth of the Smartphone Market in China and the Business Ecosystem’, AJ, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 219-229. Nedelea, S Paun, L 2009, ‘The Importance of the Strategic Management Process in the Knowledge-Based Economy’, Review of International Comparative Management, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 95-105. Rowley, C Paik, Y 2008, The Changing Face of Korean Management, Longman, New York. Samsung Electronics: Sustainability Report 2014, samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung/investor_relations/corporate_governance/corporatesocialresponsibility/downloads/2014sustainabilityreport.pdf Samsung Global Strategy Group 2015, http://sgsg.samsung.com/samsung/value.do. Singh, D 2012, ‘The High-Quality Low-Price Business Strategy of Samsung Mobile in Penetrating Competitive Market of India’, SSRN, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-16. Sun, J, Sun, X Xu, T 2014, ‘Competitive Advantage Based on Innovation: The Case of Samsung’, Renmin School of Business, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-13. Tong-hyung, K 2014, Samsung to Beef Up Risk Management, koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/biz/2010/12/123_78214.html Xu, R 2009, ‘Analysis of Samsung Notebook Strategy: Case Study for Samsung Notebook’, NHH, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-76. Zafar, F, Habib, I Bilal, H 2014, ‘How to achieve Financial Gains with Corporate Social Responsibility in Businesses’, European Journal of Business and Management, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 68-77.

History of US Naval Station at Pearl Harbor

History of US Naval Station at Pearl Harbor The early 1800s: Known to native Hawaiians as Wai Momi, meaning water of pearl, Pearl Harbor was believed to be the home of the shark goddess Kaahupahau and her brother, Kahiuka. Beginning in the first half of the 19th century, Pearl Harbor was identified as the possible location for a naval base by the United States, Great Britain, and France. Its desirability was reduced however by the shallow water and reefs that blocked its narrow entrance. This restriction led to it largely being overlooked in favor of other locations in the islands. US Annexation: In 1873, the Honolulu Chamber of Commerce petitioned King Lunalilo to negotiate a reciprocal treaty with the United States to further the bond between the two nations. As an inducement, the King offered the cessation of Pearl Harbor to the United States. This element of the proposed treaty was dropped when it became clear the Lunalilos legislature would not approve the treaty with it included. The Reciprocity Treaty was ultimately concluded in 1875, by Lunalilos successor, King Kalakaua. Pleased by the treatys economic benefits, the King soon sought to extend the treaty beyond its term of seven years. The effort to renew the treaty met with resistance in the United States. After several years of negotiation, the two nations agreed to renew the treaty through the Hawaii-United States Convention of 1884. Ratified by both nations in 1887, the convention granted to the Government of the US the exclusive right to enter the harbor of Pearl River, in the Island of Oahu, and to establish and maintain there a coaling and repair station for the use of vessels of the US and to that end the US may improve the entrance to said harbor and do all things useful to the purpose aforesaid. The Early Years: The acquisition of Pearl Harbor met with criticism from Britain and France, who had signed a compact in 1843, agreeing not compete over the islands. These protests were ignored and the US Navy took possession of the harbor on November 9, 1887. Over the next twelve years, no efforts were made to enhance Pearl Harbor for naval use as the harbors shallow channel still prevented the entrance of larger ships. Following Hawaiis annexation to the United States in 1898, efforts were made to enhance the Navys facilities to support operations in the Philippines during the Spanish-American War. These improvements were focused on the Navys facilities in Honolulu Harbor, and it was not until 1901, that attention was turned to Pearl Harbor. In that year, appropriations were made to acquire land around the port and improve the entrance channel into the harbors lochs. After efforts to purchase the adjacent land failed, the Navy obtained the present site of the Navy Yard, Kauhua Island, and a strip on the southeast coast of Ford Island through eminent domain. Work also began dredging the entrance channel. This progressed quickly and in 1903, USS Petral became the first vessel to enter the harbor. Growing the Base: Though improvements had begun at Pearl Harbor, the bulk of the Navys facilities remained in Honolulu through the first decade of the 20th century. As other governmental agencies began encroaching on the Navys property in Honolulu, the decision was made to begin shifting activities to Pearl Harbor. In 1908, Naval Station, Pearl Harbor was created and construction began on the first drydock the following year. Over the next ten years, the base grew steadily with new facilities being constructed and the channels and lochs deepened to accommodate the Navys largest ships. The only major setback involved the construction of the dry dock. Begun in 1909, the drydock project angered locals who believed the shark god lived in caves on the site. When the drydock collapsed during construction due to seismic disturbances, Hawaiians claimed that the god was angry. The project was finally completed in 1919, at cost of $5 million. In August 1913, the Navy abandoned its facilities in Honolulu and began to solely focus on developing Pearl Harbor. Allocated $20 million to turn the station into a first-rate base, the Navy completed the new physical plant in 1919. Expansion: While work was moving along on shore, Ford Island in the middle of the harbor was purchased in 1917, for joint Army-Navy use in developing military aviation. The first aircrews arrived at new Luke Field in 1919, and the following year the Naval Air Station was established. While the 1920s were largely a time of austerity at Pearl Harbor as post-World War I appropriations decreased, the base continued to grow. By 1934, the Minecraft Base, Fleet Air Base, and Submarine Base had been added to the existing Navy Yard and Naval District. In 1936, work began to further improve the entrance channel and to construct repair facilities to make Pearl Harbor a major overhaul base on par with Mare Island and Puget Sound. With the increasingly aggressive nature of Japan in the late 1930s and the outbreak of World War II in Europe, further efforts were made to expand and improve the base. With tensions heightening, the decision was made to hold the US Pacific Fleets fleet exercises off Hawaii in 1940. Following these maneuvers, the fleet remained at Pearl Harbor, which became its permanent base in February 1941. World War II and After: With the shift of the US Pacific Fleet to Pearl Harbor, the anchorage was expanded to accommodate the entire fleet. On the morning of Sunday, December 7, 1941, Japanese aircraft launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. Crippling the US Pacific Fleet, the raid killed 2,368 and sank four battleships and heavily damaged four more. Forcing the United States into World War II, the attack placed Pearl Harbor on the front lines of the new conflict. While the attack had been devastating to the fleet, it did little damage to the bases infrastructure. These facilities, which continued to grow during the war, proved vital to ensuring that US warships remained in fighting condition throughout the conflict. It was from his headquarters at Pearl Harbor that Admiral Chester Nimitz oversaw the American advance across the Pacific and the ultimate defeat of Japan. Following the war, Pearl Harbor remained the homeport of the US Pacific Fleet. Since that time it has served to support naval operations during the Korean and Vietnam Wars, as well as during the Cold War. Still in full use today, Pearl Harbor is also home to the USS Arizona Memorial as well as the museum ships USS Missouri and USS Bowfin. Selected Sources A Brief History of Pearl Harbor Prior to World War IINaval Station Pearl Harbor

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 270

Assignment Example Various parts of the world have different cultural practices and food preferences, the MacDonald in its establishment in each country, has paid attention to the cultural believes and the taste of the different countries. For instance in India, the country took into consideration the fact that the Hindu culture does not advocate beef consumption (Keegan, 2014). To curb the issue, the company provided a similar product but without beef in it – maharaja chicken-.The Company strategically places itself in abuse place that can attract more customers. For instance in India New Delhi initial branch, the company places itself in a busy street that saw soaring queue in the evenings hence drawing large revenue to the company. Moreover, for acceptability in the local areas, the company purchases over 90 percent of its raw materials from the locals (Keegan, 2014). As much as MacDonald’s might want to standardize its products in its entire chains world over, it has to pay attention to the local culture and preferences. To the MacDonald and its acceptability world over, the company has resulted to developing a similar product but using different ingredients that are acceptable in the local market. It is evidently displayed in

Ethical leadership that relates to the book three cup of tea Essay

Ethical leadership that relates to the book three cup of tea - Essay Example Tens of thousands of children in Afghanistan and Pakistan have seen the light of the day through his organization. Educate a child, you have educated a generation. Educate a generation, you have educated a country! Revolution through the pen is mightier than the revolution through the gun. The former will come to stay and enrich the society. The later, in the ultimate analysis, will destroy the humanity. Many failed revolutions, bear testimony to this fact and pages of history are daubed in the resultant bloodshed on account of such mindless revolutions. Mortenson was out to conquer K2, the world’s second tallest mountain. That failed, was a personal disaster, he was rather terminally ill caught in a very difficult situation. Residents of a small village in Pakistan, Korphe came to his rescue. He recouped his health with a determination that resulted in a precedent-shattering silent revolution in the field of education. One man’s determination and will had fructified to benefit countless impoverished children. A small project has since grown up into the Central Asia Institute that has demanded attention of all right thinking people across the world. He achieved the impossible in an impossible region. Mortenson recalls his initial experience in the land of so-called Muslim extremists. â€Å"Mortenson was unsure how the mullah felt about having an infidel in the village, an infidel who proposed to educate Korphe’s girls. Sher Takhi smiled at Mortenson and led him to a prayer mat.†(p.142) Humanity had triumphed over religious bigotry! I entirely agree with the viewpoint of Mortenson that America or any other country for that matter must fight Islamic fundamentalism, through collaborative efforts by fighting poverty and providing access to education, including educating the girl-child. This is the only option to permanent peace and to terminate mindless military adventures. I find a very interesting observation about the mind-set and cul ture of the people in the backward mountain area where Mortenson was operating. â€Å"If you want to thrive in Baltistan, you must respect our ways,† Haji Ali said, blowing on his bowl. â€Å"The first time you share tea with a Balti, you are a stranger. The second time, you are an honored guest. The third time you become family.†(p.150) This is the significance of Three Cups, which is a great cultural decoction, that blends people of diverse origin, diverse beliefs and diverse religious affiliations, together. Philosophy and spirituality are not about the scriptures and lengthy text books alone. That which is not practical cannot be spiritual either! Every spiritual idea must stand the test of practicability. To speak about good ideas is good; but to go good work is the best option for humanity. Oratory is not experiencing. Mortenson has shown to the world that a school in a village is more beneficial to the humankind than, lengthy research papers on education read in the air-conditioned auditoriums. The best revolution is silent. The first chapter of the book titled â€Å"Failure† is the foundation stone for the â€Å"educational empire† that Mortenson was to build during the next twelve years, in the region that perhaps gave him his second life. He was spearheading his campaign of education in a region where the literacy rate was 3%. Children wrote on dirt with sticks. The very interesting part of the book is, according to me is the transformation of Mortenson to a

Managine Project teams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managine Project teams - Essay Example is more focused in the use of contingent reward, active management or passive management style (Judge and Piccolo, 2004; Gill, Levine and Pitt, 1998). As explained by Judge and Piccolo (2004), active leaders tend to focus more on the need to monitor the subordinates’ ability to anticipate organizational problems, their work-related behavior, and ensure that the subordinates would observe correction actions when necessary whereas passive leaders tend to wait until their subordinates would make errors before making actions. Unlike transformational or transactional leadership, Laissez-faire is all about no leadership at all. It means that under the Laissez-faire leadership, the leader tend to avoid making necessary actions or decisions on behalf of the management team (Judge and Piccolo, 2004). Basically, the main purpose of completing the multifactor leadership questionnaire (MLQ) is to assess the three (3) different types of leadership style known as: transformational, transactional and Laissez-faire. A score of 3.2 for management by exception and 3.5 for contingent reward (3.5) puts me in the 100th percentile for these two (2) leadership factors. It means that I scored the highest in UK as compared to other people. Upon analyzing the MLQ result, this score strongly suggest that I have a strong transactional leadership style. In the study of Rowold and Schlotz (2009), the authors found out that excessive use of transactional leadership style is positively linked with the development of chronic stress. For this reason, I should learn to minimize the use of transactional leadership style. Instead, I should put extra effort in improving my ability to use transformational leadership style. Leadership factors such as individualised consideration, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation, and idealised influence are all characteristics of transformational leadership. A score of 3.2 in inspirational motivation puts me in the 100th percentile making this

Domestic Violence in Kenya

Domestic Violence in Kenya Domestic violence is a problem that is rampant in most parts of the world especially in Africa. There is no standard definition of domestic violence in Kenya maybe because there are no express laws on the same. However several scholars have attempted to define domestic violence. The term violence against women means any act of gender based violence that results in or is likely to result in or is likely to result in physical, sexual, or psychological harm or suffering to women including threats of such acts coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty whether occurring in public or private life  [1]. FIDA (K) in the 1998 annual report on the legal status of women in Kenya states, physical abuse or battery consists of a wide range of activities. It can involve pushing, grabbing, scratching, slapping, hitting, punching, chocking, kicking, kneeing, sitting and standing on, burning, drowning, hair-pulling, arm-twisting, hanging by neck and arms or feet, handcuffing, biting or throwing, tying up with rope, clawing or scratching, locking one out of the home, driving recklessly while one is in the car, throwing objects, threatening to hurt with weapons such as knife or a gun, abandoning in dangerous places, refusing to help when one is pregnant , injured, or sick.  [2]  There is no clear definition of the crime and the present laws need to be amended to provide for the crime. For purposes of this project domestic violence against women includes any act to any woman or girl by an intimate partner that is physical in nature and likely to cause her physical injury and harm and this includes hitting, battering ,shoving and pushing, kicking, chocking among others. Background The problem of domestic violence can be traced in the Kenyan traditional system which is patriarchal in nature. In the Kenyan traditional setting a man was recognized as the head of the house hold and subsequently had powers to chastise the wife and children. A woman was seen as a lesser being and was therefore submissive to the husband and in some cultures it was even any man. Some scholars have done extensive research on domestic violence and their works have established that domestic violence is so rampant and is affecting many peoples lives and therefore laws needs to be amended and new laws made. Violence against women is both a historical and cultural phenomenon and a reality which has permeated all sectors of Kenyan society as a result of unequal treatment of women and men.  [3]  This shows that the historic and cultural aspects are the major pioneers of this problem. Wife beating is fairly prevalent in Kenya. The continuation of this practice maybe attributable to the fac t that every regime of customary law in Kenya, grants husbands the right to chastise their wives for misconduct. Under Kenyan customary laws only unjustified or excessive beating by the husband would be sufficient ground for divorce or for the wife to return to her family.  [4]  The only reason that would cause a wife to return would be excessive beating; there is no provision as to what would amount to excessive chastise. Violence against women is a manifestation of the historically unequal power relations between men and women which have led to domination over and discrimination against women by men and to the prevention of womens full advancement. Violence against women throughout the lifecycle derives essentially from cultural patterns in particular the harmful effects s of certain traditional or customary practices and all acts of extremism linked to race sex language or religion that perpetuate the lower status accorded to women in the family, the workplace, the community and society. Violence against women is exacerbated by social pressures, notably the shame of denouncing certain acts that have been perpetrated against women, failure to reform existing laws, inadequate efforts on the part of public authorities to promote awareness of and enforce existing laws and the absence of educational and other means to address the causes and consequences of violence.  [5]   Domestic violence is a widespread problem in the whole country and affects women from all classes and age. Violence cuts across all classes of women in this country: rich and poor, educated and illiterate, employed and unemployed, in urban and rural areas and in all ethnic communities.  [6]  It does not therefore mean that its a problem of a section of women but it affects all. This increases the magnitude since women are more than the men in this country. From the scholars we can appreciate that the problem of domestic violence against women is prevalent and it has its roots from cultural practice and would perhaps explain why its so common. The government made an attempt to address some of this problem in 1966 by setting up a commission to work on the law of marriage and divorce whose terms of reference included among other things the status of women in the society the commission found out that wife battery was pertinent to the issue of status of women in the society. After examining it the commission proposed a bill to criminalize wife battery but due to the dominated male parliament the bill was rejected and the parliament justified the practice of wife chastise as an inherent traditional right of an African man. A woman who has been battered can only seek redress for assault provided for in section 250-253 of the penal code.  [7]  In worse cases which result in death the perpetrator of the crime is charged with murder and mostly reduced to manslaughter which has a lighter sentence. From then, women in human rights organizations and in parliament have tried making several bills but none has succeeded so far. The two major bills on domestic violence against women were: national council for gender development bill 1999 and domestic violence (family protection) bill 1999. Here is a summary of what they entailed; National Council for Gender Development Bill 1999 This bill sought to establish a council to ensure gender mainstreaming in national development policies, initiate legal reforms on issues affecting women , and formulate programs on gender development and to prepare reports on Kenyas international obligations regarding women among other things. With regard to violence against women it could have pushed for Kenyas adherence to its international obligations to eliminate both discrimination and domestic violence against women. Domestic Violence (Family Protection) Bill 1999 This bill sought to provide for the grant, enforcement and variation of court orders for protection from domestic violence. In this bill the definition of a spouse encompasses persons living together who may not necessarily be legally married ensuring that women in cohabitation situation are protected from violence. The bill also provides for issuance of protection orders for victims of domestic violence. From this we can see that Kenya has gone a long way to ensure domestic violence is reduced but still the parliament is dominated by male members who are not ready to make the necessary reforms. Several statistics have been conducted by organizations and individuals to show the seriousness of the problem. According to Kenya demographic and health survey (KDHS) 2003, one out of every four women experience violence from husbands with 40% experiencing physical violence and 16% sexual violence.  [8]  From this statistics its clear that physical violence against women is more prevalent than any other type. In the innocenti digest no. 6 of 2000 by UNICEF 20 TO 50% of women are battered in every country worldwide 46% 0f 612 women surveyed in one district in Kenya reported of having been beaten by a partner of those 58%reported that they were beaten often or sometimes.  [9]  This statistics also show the explicitness of the problem and shows that it needs urgent attention. Research questions A big question to consider would be why is domestic violence so prevalent? It is clear that domestic violence is so rampant. This research will endeavor to establish why domestic violence against women is so prevalent Is it because there is a lacuna in law that leads to continued domestic violence against women? The research will seek to establish whether the lacuna in law is the cause of domestic violence against women. What can be done to benefit victims of domestic violence as well as curb its use in the future? The research will have conclusive findings and will make recommendations on the laws that need amends and new laws that need to be established to curb domestic violence against women. Presumptions Domestic violence against women is prevalent because of the lacuna in law. The male dominated parliament is the main cause of the lacuna in law since the men still acknowledge customary law which allows for chastisement of women. The constitution, to which all laws are subject to allows for use of customary law in civil cases. Limitations in the study I am limited only to tackle the legal part yet this problem has both legal and social aspects. I am limited in research since am supposed to handle mainly the Kenyan situation. Since there is inadequacy in law my research will be limited only to the few provisions in Kenyan laws which provide for the crime impliedly. Research methodology I will use both primary and secondary data. Primary data will include issuing of questionnaires to the affected members of the society; I will make observations especially to the affected women. I intend to conduct interviews in various institutes like federation for women lawyers (FIDA), coalition on violence against women among others and individuals who may have authority on domestic violence against women in Kenya especially the human rights activists. Further I will conduct interviews on the victims of domestic violence Secondary sources include textbooks and journals which have specialized on domestic violence against women, declarations, treaties, and the various statutes on substantive and procedural law, judicial authorities which cover for the crime of domestic violence as assault, bills of parliament which were not passed into law and the ones which are being debated on. The internet will also be a major source of my research. Literature review Although various organizations and individuals have focused considerable attention and effort on the subject of domestic violence against women, an in-depth study on the issue particularly dealing with the situation in Kenya need to be done, this is mainly so because most scholars seem to dwell more on the social aspect of the problem rather than the legal aspect of it. Empathy and sympathy cannot solve the problem alone, legal mechanisms have to be put in place to eliminate this problem. There are also no clear ways on which the perpetrators of the crime are to be punished. In its annual reports of 1997 and 1998 FIDA (K) observed the current situation of women in Kenya in terms of family issues. According to them women in the privacy of their homes are subjected to shockingly savage acts of violence which need to be addressed urgently. They have however not provided for the specific laws to be amended and the new law to be enacted. They have mostly dwelled on the social aspects and recommendations probably leaving out the most important aspect which is the legal aspect. Dr. Jacinta Muteshi in her book mapping best practices promoting gender equality and the advancement of Kenyan women highlights the problem of domestic violence however she has failed to bring out what constitutes to the crime of domestic violence against women. Without defining a crime it would be very hard or even impossible to come up with the perpetrators and the punishment for the same. In the book Kenyan country gender profile domestic violence against women has been highlighted as a problem that is both historical and cultural. The author tries to show the seriousness of the problem yet its being taken too lightly. The author has dwelled so much on the social aspects and has not mentioned anywhere what could be done to amend the laws or to draft others. He has not highlighted the legal status of the crime which is very important if this problem of domestic violence against women is to be addressed. In the Beijing declaration and the platform for action.  [10]  This journal provides mostly for the consequences of violence against women in a broader sense including situations of armed conflict. The journal dwells so much on the groups of women who are vulnerable who include refugee women, women migrants, destitute women, the elderly, women with disabilities etc. the author did not put into consideration the welfare of women in normal intimate relationships who suffer silently. However the journal has many recommendations which can help reduce or curb the problem of domestic violence against women. The recommendations can only be helpful if they are incorporated to Kenyan laws. In the book women of the world: laws and policies affecting their reproductive lives the author portrays the problem to be customary based and thats why it has strived mostly because the constitution of Kenya allow for use of customary laws. The author does not seek to address the problem in fact she just mentions the problem and leaves it at that. The convention on the elimination of all forms of violence against women (COVAW) which is the most extensive instrument dealing exclusively with the rights of women is an international instrument that Kenya is subject to. Although Kenya has ratified this instrument, its provisions are not applied in Kenyan courts in practice. The provisions are therefore not helpful in anyway unless the judiciary would apply its provision in our courts in practice. Kenyan statutes which provide for the crime of domestic violence against women provides for use of customary law in Kenyan courts so long as they are not repugnant to justice and morality gives room for broad interpretation which could lead to tolerating the crime to some extent. The penal code cap 63 laws of Kenya, provides for the crime of assault that shoulders domestic violence against women. This act should provide expressly for the crime this is because many perpetrators get a light sentence or worse go free which makes it hard to curb the crime. The criminal procedure code cap 75 laws of Kenya which provides for the procedure of arrest, search and sentencing of a suspect. The procedure is complex and complicated and has a lot of loopholes that lead to perpetrators to go free. The civil procedure act cap21 of the laws of Kenya which provides for rules in seeking legal redress in civil court for compensation for acts of domestic violence against women. The rules provide for comp lex procedures that delay justice and cause many cases to be struck out on technical grounds. The evidence Ac  [11]  t in sections 107-109 provide that the burden of proof is borne by the prosecution most of who are incompetent and its male dominated leading to acquittal of perpetrators for lack of evidence beyond reasonable doubt. I however agree with the annual FIDA(K) reports on the family issues affecting the lives of women. Their recommendations can only be useful only if they are put into law. The various international agreements have good provisions but can only be useful if they are incorporated in the Kenyan laws to be used by the domestic courts. Chapter breakdown My research project will have four chapters which include; Chapter 1: introduction This will include the sneak preview of the topic of domestic violence, the background, the hypothesis and objectives of the study Chapter 2: international standards that are set on the problem of domestic violence This will include analyzing the various laws especially the international standards present that provide for domestic violence against women. Take a case study on a state where domestic violence has been provided for in the laws and done away with successfully. Use and quote works of philosophers who have shunned domestic violence against women. Chapter 3: Kenyan situation Here I will critically analyze the situation of domestic violence against women in Kenya, the magnitude of the problem and what has been done or what is being done to eliminate this problem. Chapter 4: Recommendations This will include various suggestions of amendments that need to be made to eliminate the problem of domestic violence against women. The recommendations will be strictly legal based.

Arbitrary Defused Incitement :: essays research papers

Arbitrary Defused Incitement   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Dan Greenburg’s â€Å"Sound and Fury† a decent point is made from looking at a situation that could possibly become violent. The narrator suggests that people carry a large amount of â€Å"free-floating anger,† which generates within them, ready for use at any point in time; waiting for the slightest hint of incitement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lee, a stand-up comedian, is first introduced by the narrator, who tags along with Lee where he will be the â€Å"emcee† of the night, but right before he is to go on stage a group of drunk young guys chants for a comedian they feel is the greatest, Rusty. Before he even got up to the stage, the young men were ready to cheer on for Rusty, and despite all the exertion he finally gave it up.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the narrator begins to talk with him and soothe the ailments of his suffrage some of the â€Å"inebriated young men† began to trickle in and eventually noticed Lee. As events heightened a young man thought that he would want to do something about their chanting and later stepped forward closer to Lee.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The total focus started to rest entirely upon the two men â€Å"going through the motion, doing the dance,† while also the bar’s energy of aggression steadily increased with the engagement itself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was from a simple measure of conversation that the situation was disabled. When Lee asked how â€Å"the guy† of his well-being it initiated a broad topic capable of going anywhere. Then Lee nonchalantly asks what the young man was in town for, and gets an everyday answer that it was his birthday. So Lee after thinking about it threw out his hand and told him â€Å"Happy birthday.† The situation that was once so potentially volatile now was resolved completely by